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Bachtyar Ali
*''This article is about the Kurdish writer. For the Indonesian professor and ambassador, see Bachtiar Aly.''
Bachtyar Ali Muhammed, also spelled as Bakhtiyar Ali or Bakhtyar Ali (Kurdish: Bextyar Elî -بەختیار عەلی), was born in the city of Slemani (also spelt as Sulaimani or Sulaymaniy) in Iraqi Kurdistan (also referred to as southern Kurdistan) in 1960. He is a Kurdish novelist and intellectual. He is also a prolific literary critic, essayist and poet. Ali started out as a poet and essayist, but has established himself as an influential novelist from the mid-1990s. He has published six novels, several poetry collections as well as essay books. He has been living in Germany since the mid-1990s (Frankfurt, Cologne and most recently Bonn). In his academic essays, he has dealt with various subjects, such as the 1988 Saddam-era Anfal genocide campaign, the relationship between the power and intellectuals and other philosophical issues. He often employs western philosophical concepts to interpret an issue in Kurdish society, but often modifies or adapts them to his context.
== Education ==
Ali finished his pre-university education in Slemani: Shaykh Salam primary school, Azmar secondary school and Halkawt preparatory school. He started studying Geology at the University of Sulaimani, and later Salah al-Din University in Arbil (Kurdish, Hawler:هەولێر), another Kurdish city, currently the capital of the Kurdistan Region. In 1983 he was wounded when he participated in a protest rally against Saddam's Ba'th Party and the protesters were shot at. In the same year he quit his studies due to political reasons. Ali speaks Kurdish, Arabic, Persian, German, and has a working knowledge of English.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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